Anthropology Anthropology And Anthropology - 1550 Words

I would’ve never imagined the endless careers that are available to anthropology majors, before taking Professor Sharratt’s Intro to Anthropology course. The things that I have learned in anthropology have opened my mind to a variety of different career paths that is possible with a degree in anthropology. Anthropology majors go off to a plethora of careers with their degrees in anthropology. Anthropology is â€Å"the study of humankind in all times and place†. Anthropology has four different subfields which include: Physical/Biological, Socio/Cultural, Linguistic, and Archeology. This wide range of a study allows for one to stand out to companies in a various amount of industries including law, health, and often times business. Some job duties†¦show more content†¦Forensic anthropologist document and investigate human remains from past experiences. Forensic anthropologists are also very helpful when mass disasters occur and a large amount of people die due to a certain event. Tersigni-Tarrant, Teresa, and Shirley state how forensic anthropology takes place during a mass disaster by stating â€Å"The staff working in the disaster morgue has several responsibilities: documentation and processing of remains, identification of the victim, examination of remains for medicolegal interpretations (e.g., cause of death), and documentation of the overall process† (444). Forensic anthropology can be very vital to a culture or country because it allows for one to understand how someone has passed away, which could possibly effect the same culture or country in the future. Forensic anthropologist take the time to examine the cause of one’s death and help a certain culture or country understand a particular outcome. There are forensic anthropologists employed by the FBI. Another possible career opportunity in anthropology that I ran across that intrigued me was an exhibit designer. Exhibit designers are mainly employed at museums . Their job duties include researching, educating, and designing in a museum setting. Exhibit designers are responsible for the preservation of anthropology related items such as human remains and past objects. In the search for an exhibit designerShow MoreRelatedAnthropology : Anthropology And Cultural Anthropology1472 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is anthropology? This is a question that can be answered in numerous ways, but we are going to define it as simple as possible. If we break the word down into its two components it means the study of human beings. â€Å"Anthropo† means human beings or human kind and â€Å"logy† or â€Å"logia† is Greek for the study or knowledge of something. When we put it all together, it is the study of human beings which can be very broad. Anthropology can be broken down into four subfields: physical anthropology, archaeologyRead MoreAnthropology : The Anthropology Of Sports1496 Words   |  6 PagesAnthropology is a generic term which originates from the Greek word anthropo logos which means the â€Å"study of man.† Anthropology is the most comprehensive among the social sciences, covering every aspect of human behaviour, past, present and the future (Blanchard 1995:2). The anthropology of sports serves as a unique social scientific approach to understand and analyse sports alongside the practical application of results to real problems (Blanchard 1995:23) and like all other social sciences, operatesRead MoreCultural Anthropology : Physical Anthropology3800 Words   |  16 Pagesglossary Anthropology: It is a general comprehensive science of man in the past and present of any culture. 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ThereforeRead MoreAnthropology and Its Branches1728 Words   |  7 PagesAnthropology is the study of human beings, in particular the study of their physical character, evolutionary history, racial classification, historical and present-day geographic distribution, group relationships, and cultural history. Anthropology can be c haracterized as the naturalistic description and interpretation of the diverse peoples of the world. Modern-day anthropology consists of two major divisions: cultural anthropology, which deals with the study of human culture in all its aspects;Read More Anthropology1316 Words   |  6 PagesAnthropology Anthropology what a vulnerable observer you are! You may well have to jump into the arms of the scientists if you are going to try to keep your grass hut at the academy! -- Ruth Behar Debates on the role the reflexive plague the field of cultural anthropology as postmodern critics join the bandwagon attempting to claim authority in this dubiously recognized discipline. In the borderline realm between the sciences and humanities, cultural anthropology has tried to find a nicheRead MorePhilosophical Anthropology2982 Words   |  12 PagesPhilosophical Anthropology ABSTRACT: Philosophers cannot avoid addressing the question of whether philosophical anthropology (that is, specifically philosophical inquiry about human nature and human phenomenon) is possible. Any answer must be articulated in the context of the nature and function of philosophy. In other words, philosophical anthropology must be defined as an account of the nature of the subject of philosophical thinking. I argue that if philosophical thinkers admit that theyRead MoreCultural Anthropology Of Humans Living And Dead Anthropology938 Words   |  4 Pagesnot share the same ideals as them. This lack of communication is a major barrier in advancement of our world. Anthropology, in short, is the study of humans living and dead Anthropology is divided into five main categories: applied, linguistic, medical, biological, archaeological, and cultural. Each of these five divisions teaches a different aspect of human life. Cultural anthropology teaches acceptance. There are social norms that can be found in every culture, the difference from culture to cultureRead MoreEssay on anthropology590 Words   |  3 Pages Anthropology proves to be satisfying and intellectually fulfilling to many in the field. However, there are also many challenges and bumps in the road along the way. Napolean A. Chagnon and Claire Sterk faced many of these challenges themselves. During his fieldwork with the Yanomamo, Chagnon faced many challenges interacting with the natives. Chagnon could not practically communicate with the people until about six months after he arrived. He notes ? the hardest thing to live with was the incessant

Are Antibiotics For Cold Or Minor Pain Symptoms - 1642 Words

Introduction: In today’s society, people take antibiotics for cold or minor pain symptoms. What people do not understand is what damages antibiotics can do to an individual’s body. Often, people see advertisements of others taking medicine to treat pain symptoms, however, they do not realize that doctors do not recommend them. This topic is important because people need to be informed about the medicine they take. This may save people from buying expensive medicines that pharmacies sell, this will keep peoples immune systems stronger if they only take antibiotics for severe cases, and people will not get resistant to antibiotics as frequently. Thus, if antibiotics would be needed for important purposes, individuals may not need high doses†¦show more content†¦Another experiment was conducted, by a journal named Contemporary Clinical Trials, who tested to determine whether a probiotic used in a treatment would help stop or reduce symptoms of the C. difficile infection in olde r adults. Current standard antibiotics used to treat difficile infection are only 75 to 85 percent successful. Although this is a good percentage, one of the side effects is that there is a risk of antibiotic resistance. The chances of the body responding to the antibiotic will decrease over time, because the system would be immune to the antibiotic. Due to this result, the treatment would not be effective. Another downfall of this treatment is that this drug is very expensive for people who cannot afford it.2 People, who cannot afford to buy this drug, would not be able to undergo treatment, thus the reason for a small population to use the drug. As a result, this experiment shows how taking antibiotics do not necessary help the immune system, as there are many consequences when taking the drugs. A journal named Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, researched whether giving antibiotics to cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy reduce fevers. Their results concluded that the antibiotics do not reduce fevers of patients going under chemotherapy. The bacteria did not cause fevers; therefore the antibiotic treatment used did not need excessive

Island of Patmos free essay sample

Why he was exiled 2. Living conditions a. Challenges of shelter b. Challenges of food c. His age v. Revelation written there by Paul 3. Paul’s willingness to do anything God asked of him c. What it means to me. vi. Things I saw 4. The beauty of the place. 5. The cave where Paul could of lived vii. Feelings 6. Just the feeling of being where Paul once was 7. Being where the book of Revelation was written 8. The persecution that was going on in the time it was written d. Conclusion viii. Overview of the intro, the biblical importance and what it means to me. Keith McAllister Professor Patterson Greco Roman 26 April 2013 The Island of Patmos The island of Patmos is a Greek island that is located just off the coast of Asia Minor in the eastern borderline of the Aegean Sea. It is one of the northern most islands of the Dodecanese complex and is between the islands of Leros and Ikaria. The island of Patmos has an area of 13. 15 square miles and has a population of 2,998 people. Detailed census) The island of Patmos is about 158 miles from the main harbor of Athens, Piraeus. The history of the island of Patmos goes extremely far back. According to a legend from Greek mythology the island of Patmos was first named Letois after one of their goddess’. (The Book of Apocalypse written on Patmos. ) They believed that Patmos came into existence due to the goddess’ divine intervention. They believed that the island was at the bottom of the sea and the goddess would visit another god on a nearby island. The other god wanted the goddess to bring the island up to life and over time the goddess did. The earliest remains of human settlements date back to the Middle Bronze Age which is believed to be 2000 BC. Throughout history the island of Patmos is mentioned by very few ancient writers. Because of this there is not much known about the ancient history of the island of Patmos. Although there is not much known, we do know that during the 3rd century BC in the Hellenistic period there was a settlement on the island of Patmos that had the form of an acropolis with an improved defense with fortification walls and towers. Patmos is also mentioned in Christian scriptures in the Book of Revelation. The book tells us that the author was put onto the island and was given a vision from Jesus. On the island there is a cave where the writer, John the Apostle, was believed to stay and several monasteries. After the death of John the Apostle many Christians came onto the island and settled on the island. Although many Christians settled on the island Christian life hardly survived from the 7th century BC through the 9th century BC because of the Muslims raiding the island. In 1912 the island was captured during the Turkish-Italian War and the Italians occupied it until 1943 when Nazi Germany took over the island of Patmos. In 1945 the Germans left the island of Patmos and the island remained autonomous until 1948 when it and the rest of the Dodecanese islands chose to join independent Greece. The geography of the island of Patmos is an island with many colorful mountains and rocky places with many small caves scattered all over the island. The highest point on the island of Patmos is Mount Profitis Elias which rises at 270 meters. Although it has many mountains and rocky places and caves is also has low barren hills and small plateaus. The island of Patmos being an island also means that it has numerous gulfs that form countless beautiful bays and coves. The island of Patmos also has some beautiful beaches that most people would dream of visiting. The most important gulf on the island is Porto Skala because it is the main harbor of the island and the only commercial harbor on the entire island. Now that you know where the island of Patmos is located, the history of the island and the Geography of this beautiful island, I am going to tell you about the biblical importance of the island of Patmos. The island of Patmos is an extremely important island when it comes to the Bible. On the island of Patmos the book of Revelation was written. â€Å"The Book of Revelation or The Apocalypse of John, is the last and only prophetical book of the New Testament in the Bible. † (Patmos Island, the island of the Apocalypse) The book of Revelation was written by John as he lived on the island of Patmos. The text of Revelation states that the author is called John and that he lives on the Greek island of Patmos, where by some, he is considered to be in exile as a result of anti-Christian persecution under the Roman emperor Domitian. Weeks Stephen) Christians during this time were being persecuted by the Roman government. The biblical scholar Adela Yarbro Collins from Yale Divinity School explains why this is credible that John would have been banished to the island of Patmos. Early tradition says that John was banished to Patmos by the Roman authorities. This tradition is credible beca use banishment was a common punishment used during the Imperial period for a number of offenses. Among such offenses were the practices of magic and astrology. Prophecy was viewed by the Romans as belonging to the same category†¦.. Prophecy with political implications, like that expressed by John in the book of Revelation, would have been perceived as a threat to Roman political power and order†¦. † (Adela Collins) The story of St John is central to Patmos. â€Å"Exiled by Emperor Domitian in AD 95 to this backwater, he settled in a cave. † (Cole Teresa L. ) John was in his nineties when he was banished to the island of Patmos by the Roman government. He had been sent there due to proclaiming his faith and living a life for Jesus. When he was sent to the island of Patmos it was not an island where people were living or people had settled on. It was an island where the only people living on it were the people who had been banished also. John had to find his own supply for basic needs and it would have been extremely hard for a man in his nineties to do. John had to find a safe place to stay where he could stay sheltered from the weather and also be able to find himself food. For a man in his nineties this would have been extreme hard to do but rather than giving up and dying he pursued on. He did the exact opposite of that. He did not want to die, rather he went and found a cave up on a hill to stay and live in. â€Å"He lived in a cave above the Islands capital of Skala as a hermit. Today this cave is one of the most revered locations for all Christians. Not only is it revered as a place where one of the Disciples lived in exile. It’s also a place where God revealed himself to a human being. † (Adkins Mike) Many people go to visit this cave today so that they can be where it is believed that John stayed while on the island of Patmos and to be where God revealed to John about the book of Revelation. Although this is a huge and very common belief no one really knows if this particular cave in fact is where John lived while he was on the island of Patmos. Although no one knows the truth about this cave it is a very accurate description and example of where John would have lived to shelter himself from the weather of the island. For me it is hard to imagine a ninety something year old man living and sleep on the floor of a cave away from all other human life and having to find his own food and water and him still wanting to fight for God’s word. John has been ripped away from everything he loved; all of his churches, his friends and other Christians that kept encouraging his work. Even after all of this John still fought on and did what pleased God. God revealed to John the book of Revelation and John still wrote it knowing full well that the reason he was on the Island of Patmos was because of his belief, but this did not stop John. Nothing could stop John from worshipping God. John had proven this by still worshipping God after all he had been through. Anyone who knew the basic struggles of what John went through on the island of Patmos, the lack of shelter, food, water, and of people, would agree that it was not an easy task to survive there, especially for a man in his nineties. Most people in his circumstance would have given up and died. John did not give up and I am extremely grateful for this Because of John we have the last book of the Bible, Revelation. Due to John’s great amount of faith in Christ Jesus and his amount of perseverance we now have the book of Revelation. The book of Revelation is the very last book in the Bible. The purpose of the book of Revelation is to reveal Gods plan for the future of the entire world. No one can escape what the book of Revelation says is to come. The book of Revelation tells of coming judgment on the world and all the people in it for all of the sins that they have committed. Souvay, Charles) In the book of Revelation there are many thing that we cannot imagine that are going to happen to this world and because of this there has been a lot of criticism about the book. The island of Patmos will always have an impact on me. The island left an impressive image for me and I will never forget what the island of Patmos meant to me, the things I saw, and the feeling that I f elt there. They will be with me for as long as I live. This island did not mean much to me just a few months ago. I knew it was where John wrote the book of Revelation but that to me was not a big deal. It was just the place where the book of Revelation was written and that was it. That whole idea and concept to me was not that special, but that all changed dramatically after I had the chance to actually go and visit the island of Patmos itself. The island of Patmos was a great experience for me and I was excited that I had the opportunity to go but what I underestimated the lasting impression it was going to leave on me. While I was on the island of Patmos I saw many things that I will never forget. The first of them was just the sheer beauty of the island itself. I had never been to such a beautiful place before in my entire life. This island had many mountain’s full of colorful flowers and trees and many designs and shapes of the mountain and rocks surrounding it. The waters of the island are some of the clearest waters I have ever seen. You could look down into the beautiful blue sea and see the coral resting on the bottom and the colorful fish swimming around the coral looking for something to eat and a place to rest. (Swick Thomas) It was a beautiful sight that you could sit and watch for hours and lose track of the time doing so. Another thing I saw on the island of Patmos was the monastery. It was a very old building that had been built to worship God. As you walked into the monastery you walked through doors that were 900 years old. (The divine island of Patmos) The further you went into the monastery the more paintings you saw. There were many paintings all over the inside of the monastery some being as old as dating back to the 12th century. Each painting represented a story of their beliefs. Every face that was in the painting had the same facial expression. It was not an expression of fear as some pictures showed the people being attacked, or of sorrow watching people they loved being murdered, or of happiness while eating dinner around a table. Every face in the entire monastery had a face of blankness, no expression whatsoever and that was very weird to me. Another thing that I saw was the cave that supposedly John stayed in. It was a cave above the main city and the only commercial harbor. The cave was on a hill that was accessible by a car. Once we got to the cave we had to wait outside and talk to the man who kept it who hardly spoke English. Once we finally got to go into the cave it had been turned into a building and a room to preserve it. Inside there were paintings of John and him holding a book that was supposed to be the book of Revelation. The cave was no more than a space that was 20 feet by 20 feet. I know that this cave has not been proven to be the actual cave where John stayed during his punishment but it is a good description and example of what he would have lived in. The fact that a man in his nineties would have been able to live in a cave like this and still be happy and willing to do what God has asked him to do amazes me. John was an extremely devoted man of God to be willing to do such a thing. Some of the memories that will stay with me the longest are the feelings I had while visiting the island of Patmos. It was a feeling of amazement, awe, excitement, sadness and hope all at the same time. When I first learned that I was going to be on the island of Patmos where John wrote the book of Revelation I did not think much of it. Just that It was going to be a place that didn’t mean much to me. Once I actually got to the island of Patmos it was completely different feeling than I was expecting to have. It was one of the most amazing feelings being on the island knowing that this is where John wrote the book of Revelation. Knowing that God revealed the end times to John on the island that you were now standing on was a once in a lifetime feeling that put you in an awe of Gods greatness, and excitement knowing that you are standing in a place that was of great importance to the Bible. Such a beautiful place like the island of Patmos and God revealing the fate of the world to a single man named John. As I was on the island of Patmos I did some reading on location and as I sat reading the book of Revelation it just gave the book a whole new meaning and importance. It is like it gives the book of Revelation a whole new perspective to the reader. It made the book of Revelation feel so much more real and closer as I read it reading of what was to come and realizing that the end times are coming. It was a sad feeling knowing that the world was going to be destroyed through famine, war and by God’s wrath and everything on it would be killed. But yet also knowing that the Christians of the world would be saved from it all and would win the war in the end also gave me a huge feeling of hope knowing that God will take care of me through everything. It also made me realize that there is not much time left to go out unto the nations preaching the word of God and that as Christians we cannot stress the importance of this enough. It gave me a new â€Å"fire† to run and to go out and tell people of Gods wonderful news of salvation by the grace of God through his son Christ Jesus’s sacrifice on the cross. Another feeling that I had while on the island was sadness it was a sad feeling knowing the entire reason John was on the island of Patmos was because he was being persecuted for his faith. Just knowing that John and so many other believers were facing so many trials is saddening to me to know what they were going through. Also knowing that many of us who have little to no persecution and yet we are more scared to go out and talk to people about God’s Word than the Christian’s were that were being killed for doing so. The strongest feeling I had while on the island of Patmos was that of just pure gratefulness knowing that this is the place that God revealed to man the end of the world and that we as Christians had hope for the end times. The island of Patmos has a great and very long history. The island of Patmos was where the book of Revelation was written. It has been part of many different countries since it has been founded and is now part of Greece. It is a beautiful island full of many different colors and is full of history. Its history is a rich and vast history that involves anything from wars to the last book of the Bible being written on the island, talking about the end times of the world. The entire time I was on the island of Patmos I learned a lot about the end times and what the Bible has to say bout it through the reading I did out of the book of Revelation and what people taught me about this island of Patmos. During the time I spent on the island of Patmos I had a variety of different emotions while I was there also. It was one of the most amazing experiences that I ever had and I will never forget the feelings I experienced or what I have learned while visiting the island of Patmos.

Key accounting policies Essay Example

Key accounting policies Essay Fiat group put into practice an interpretation IFRIC 4 as of January 1, 2006. To be very particular about the interpretation it specifies that an arrangement contains a lease if it depends on the use of a particular asset and hand over a right to control the use of that asset. An amendment to IAS 39 titled Financial Instrument Recognition and Measurement to the foreign currency risk of a highly probable permit intragroup forecast transaction to qualify as the hedged element in a cash flow hedge in consolidated financial statements, which was released in 2005. The amendment states that the operation is denominated in a currency which ought to be different from the functional currency of the body which enters to that deal. Moreover the foreign currency risk will have an impact on consolidated financial statements. Another amendment to IAS 39 was issued by ISAB which concerned recognition and measurement to limit the use of the opportunity to determine any financial asset or liability to be measured at accurate value via profit and loss. An alteration under the title Group and Treasury Share Transactions was released on November, 2006. The amendment set ups that share based payment arrangements in which an entity gets services as consideration for its own equity instruments must be accounted for as equity-settled. Fiat group has introduced this interpretation in January, 2006. Reassessment of Embedded Derivatives was released on March 3, 2006. It demands evaluating by an entity if implanted derivative is require to be cut off from the host contract and accounted for a derivative when the body first becomes a party to the deal. The ISAB released the IFRS 8 in 2006, 30 November. We will write a custom essay sample on Key accounting policies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Key accounting policies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Key accounting policies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is about new standard which requires the information within segment reporting to be based upon the mechanism of the entity that management board uses to decide about operational issues. Disclosure Fiat keeps a continuous contact with the Shareholders. The contact policy is an open communication. A lot of presentations are held regularly to provide crucial events. Furthermore, seminars were introduced in order to extend the information about Fiat group performance. Official website www. fiatgroup. com with an intention to provide historical financial data, real time updates on Fiat stock and periodic publications.

The Communist Dictatorship in Cuba essays

The Communist Dictatorship in Cuba essays Cuba is a communist dictatorship, with Fidel Castro as the head of state. It does not have an independent judiciary nor does it have free elections. So the people of Cuba would be considered subjects to the country. Fidel Castro led a rebel army to overthrow the Cuban government and achieved victory in 1959. Cuba's communist revolution, with Soviet support, was exported throughout Latin America and Africa during the 1960s, 70s, and 80s. The country is now slowly recovering from a severe economic recession following the withdrawal of former Soviet subsidies, worth $4 billion to $6 billion annually, in 1990. Havana blames its difficulties on the US embargo in place since 1962. Cuba is a multiracial society with a population of mainly Spanish and African origins. The largest organized religion is the Roman Catholic 85%, Santeria 15%, a blend of Protestants, Jewish, Santerian, and native African religions. Roman Catholicism, is the most widely practiced religion in Cuba. Officially, Cuba has been an atheist state for most of the Castro era. However, a constitutional amendment adopted on July 12, 1992, changed the nature of the Cuban state from atheist to secular, enabling religious believers to belong to the Cuban Communist Party (PCC). Cuba is slightly smaller than Pennsylvania with a population of 11,730,400 (October 2002). The labor force is comprised of agriculture 23%, industry 24%, services 53% and they have an unemployment rate of 6%. Industries include sugar, petroleum, food, tobacco, textiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals (particularly nickel), cement, fertilizers, consumer goods, agricultural machinery. Cuba like all countries is comprised of many races of people. Ethnic divisions in Cuba include Mulatto 51%, European descent 37%, African descent 11%, and Chinese 1%. Cuba remains racially divided between the white haves and the black and mixed-race have-nots. It is safe to say Cuba is conflictual political cu...

10 Genius Tips for Balancing Test Prep With School

10 Genius Tips for Balancing Test Prep With School SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Getting your SAT/ACT dream score will likely take a considerable time investment. The vast majority of high school students have to spend many hours of studying before they're able to get their desired score. However, your time is limited. You have school, homework, studying, and extracurricular activities. How will you be able to put in the necessary test prep time on top of your other responsibilities? In this article, I'll let you know how you can balance SAT/ACT test prep with school. If you follow my advice, you'll be able to effectively incorporate test prep into your schedule. General Guidance Before you embark on a path to successfully reaching your SAT/ACT goals, you need to have the right mindset. First, you need to believe that you're capable of succeeding. Confidence is crucial to complete any difficult task, including getting a wonderful SAT/ACT score. Most likely, you're not where you want to be right now, but it's essential that you have faith that you can get there. As an SAT teacher, I worked with hundreds of students of all different skill levels, and almost every student who was committed to improving saw significant results. You may not be naturally gifted at math, but with enough practice and focused studying, you can probably get a good Math score. You may struggle with grammar, but if you master the grammar rules that are tested on the SAT/ACT, you should be able to correctly answer the grammar questions. Don't just accept that a weakness will stop you from getting your desired score. You need to believe that you can improve your weaknesses (because you can). Also, you need to be motivated. If you're confident but aren't willing to put in the necessary study time, you won't see much improvement. I understand that many students find it difficult to care about studying for the SAT/ACT. They find the material dull and have so many other priorities and concerns. However, regardless of your college goals, you should realize the importance of the SAT/ACT. Getting a better score will increase your college options and the likelihood that you'll qualify for merit scholarships. Furthermore, a good SAT/ACT score can positively impact your professional future. Some employers ask job applicants to report their standardized test scores. If you find your motivation waning, think of how getting a wonderful SAT/ACT score can benefit you. Finally, if you're going to successfully balance your SAT/ACT studying with school, you need to have a plan. To reach any challenging goal, I think it's important to specifically figure out how you're going to achieve your desired goal. Having a plan will enable you to stay on task and use your time efficiently. Making a Plan Hopefully, you recognize that you can balance school with your test prep, and you realize that you're going to need an effective plan to make that happen. How do you go about making a plan, though? I'll provide you with the steps and detailed instructions to help you come up with a quality SAT/ACT study plan. Determine Your Target Score Before you go through any steps to balance school with your test prep, you should have a goal score for your SAT/ACT. Having a goal will motivate you to stick to your study plan, make you more likely to prioritize your test prep, and help you figure out how much time you need to study. You can determine your target score by averaging the 75th percentile scores for the schools you’re interested in applying to. If you reach the 75th percentile score for a given school, your score will make you an extremely competitive applicant. Find the 75th percentile scores by googling â€Å"(name of school) prepscholar average sat† or â€Å"(name of school) prepscholar average act.† For old SAT scores out of 2400, multiply the 75th percentile score by â…” to determine what the 75th percentile score would be on the current test with a maximum score of 1600. Figure Out How Much Time You Need to Study Once you have a target score, you can determine how much time you need to study before you take the SAT/ACT. Taking this step will allow you to come up with a plan that will help you balance your test prep with school. In order to figure out how much you need to study, you need to know exactly how much you need to improve. Calculate the difference between your target score and your last SAT/ACT. If you've never taken the SAT/ACT, I recommend taking an official practice SAT/ACT simulating real testing conditions to determine where you’re at and how much you need to improve. Once you know how much you need to improve, here’s an estimated breakdown of point improvement per number of study hours for the SAT: 0-50 SAT Total Point Improvement: 10 hours 50-100 Point Improvement: 20 hours 100-200 Point Improvement: 40 hours 200-300 Point Improvement: 80 hours 300-500 Point Improvement: 150 hours+ And here’s the same thing for the ACT: 0-1 ACT Composite Point Improvement: 10 hours 1-2 ACT Point Improvement: 20 hours 2-4 ACT Point Improvement: 40 hours 4-6 ACT Point Improvement: 80 hours 6-9 ACT Point Improvement: 150 hours+ How many hours do you need to study? Write Out Your Weekly Schedule At this point, you should know when you’re planning on taking the test and how many total hours you need to study. Then you can divide the total number of hours you need to study by the number of weeks you have until your test to determine how many hours per week you should be studying. For example, let's say you're planning on taking the ACT in 8 weeks and you want to raise your ACT score by 3 points. Because a 3 point improvement will take roughly 40 hours of studying and you have 8 weeks until the test, you'll have to average about 5 hours of studying per week to reach your target score. Before you determine exactly when you’ll be studying, write out your weekly schedule with all of your responsibilities. Include all of your weekly tasks: school, homework, extracurriculars, job, etc. Write out your schedule for each day of the week. Perhaps your Tuesday may look something like this: 7:00 AM- wake up 8:00 AM-3:00 PM- school 4:00-6:00- cross country practice 7:30-9:30- homework and studying Create a Plan Now that you know how many hours per week you need to study, you can decide when you’re going to study based on the time that you currently have available. Write your intended study hours into your typed out weekly schedule. Print out your plan. You can even print out multiple copies and place them where you'll regularly see them. Looking at your intended schedule will remind you of when you need to study, help you commit your schedule to memory, and motivate you to stay on task. Let's add some study time into the hypothetical Tuesday schedule I made: 7:00 AM- wake up 8:00 AM-3:00 PM- school 4:00 PM-6:00 PM- cross country practice 7:30-9:30 PM- homework 10:00-:30 PM- SAT studying This is a pretty challenging schedule. You'll be busy with only limited breaks from 7:00 AM-:30 PM. However, if you're disciplined and motivated, it's feasible to stick to this itinerary. If you're more of a morning person, you can wake up at 5:30 AM to do your SAT studying. Also, if you have to do 5 hours of studying per week, you may only have to schedule SAT/ACT studying for a couple of days. Furthermore, if you have more free time on the weekends, you can save the majority or all your studying for Saturdays and Sundays. Time for test prep! Hooray! Make Your Plan Doable When you create your study plan, be realistic and honest with yourself about what you're capable of doing. If your schedule includes studying for 12 hours on both Saturday and Sunday, you probably should make some adjustments. Even though you may have enough free time to study for 12 hours on Saturday and Sunday, you’re probably not going to have the energy or concentration to study for 24 hours every weekend. Similarly, if you have trouble waking up in the morning, you shouldn't schedule your SAT/ACT prep for 4:00 AM. You really want to create a schedule that you’re likely to stick to and will allow you to put in enough prep time to reach your target score. Unfortunately, it's possible that if you don't have much free time, you'll have to create a schedule that's less than ideal. However, you still want to create the most realistic possible schedule. Share Your Plan For accountability, I recommend sharing your plan with those who are willing to help you stick to it. If your parents, siblings, or close friends know your intended schedule, they can encourage and push you when they know it’s time for you to do your SAT/ACT prep. If you try to deviate from your schedule, you’ll have other people to remind you of your goals and what you should be doing. Keep in mind, though, that you'll be most likely to achieve your goals if you're primarily self-motivated. Evaluate and Adjust Your Plan Regularly During the first week or two of your study plan, keep track of how well you’re doing and how well your plan is working for you. If the plan you created seems too difficult for you to maintain, then you may need to adjust it so that it’s easier for you. If you have to make adjustments, do your best not to sacrifice study time you need to reach your target score. Ideally, you'll be able to move your studying to times that work better for you. If your extracurricular activity or work schedule changes after you start your study plan, you may have to alter your prep time accordingly. Also, make sure that your SAT/ACT prep isn't getting in the way of your schoolwork. If your current prep plan is preventing you from finishing your homework or studying for school, then you'll have to make changes. You don't want to sacrifice your grades to reach your target score. In fact, generally, your grades are more important to colleges than your test scores. If your plan isn't working, change it. How to Stay Motivated Perhaps the biggest challenge to successfully balancing school with your test prep is maintaining your motivation up until test day. Many students are able to stick to their plan for a week or two, but they start to slip and neglect their test prep over time. Your study plan will only be effective if you stick to it up until test day. Trust me that I understand the challenges of maintaining your plan. I wasn't a perfect student, and I realize that you'll be tempted to stray from your plan when you'd rather be doing anything other than test prep. I've already mentioned a few tips like printing out your plan and sharing it to help stay on track. Here are some more strategies for you to make the best use of your study time and stay engaged throughout the study process. Set Smaller Goals for Motivation Remember that the number of hours you’re studying is only one part of the equation to reaching your target score. You need to make sure that you’re focused when you’re studying and studying efficiently. Set goals for yourself for each study session and on a weekly basis. For example, if during one of your study sessions, you’re trying to improve on transition questions on SAT Writing, you can set a goal of reviewing my article on transitions and then getting at least 9/10 transition questions right from SAT practice tests. Similarly, you could also set a goal for the week of raising your ACT Science score by two points from your last practice test. Then, you can focus your studying for the week on improving your content weaknesses and doing practice problems. At the end of the week, you can do a complete ACT Science section under test conditions, and hopefully, you’ll be able to achieve your goal. Leave Time for Fun In trying to balance school with your test prep, realize that outside of school, test prep, and your extracurricular activities, you should be having some fun and leisure time. All work and no play is sad, and you’re going to have a difficult time maintaining motivation if you’re not emotionally healthy. Furthermore, you should be enjoying your youth, spending time with your friends and family, and creating memories that you’ll probably look back on more fondly than your SAT/ACT prep. When you create your prep schedule, try not to have every minute of your day devoted to your studies or other obligations. It’s not terrible to spend a few hours per week engaged in fun activities that may not directly help you get into the college of your dreams. It might be time for a bouncy castle break. (Catrin Austin/Flickr) Reward Yourself Following all of the tips in this article (other than having fun) isn’t easy. Just reading this article is indicative of your determination and willingness to make sacrifices to achieve your goals. I’m a big believer in positive reinforcement. If you meet one of your daily or weekly goals, feel free to reward yourself for your hard work. You deserve it, and you can use your rewards as further motivation to reach your goals. If you reach your goal of improving your SAT Math section score by 50 points from the previous week, maybe you can reward yourself by going to see a movie you’ve been wanting to check out or spending an hour posting stories on Snapchat (isn’t that what the kids do these days?). Final Points Balancing school with your test prep isn’t easy, but it’s possible if you’re diligent, organized, and plan effectively. If you need help with motivation, organization, or holding yourself accountable, you may greatly benefit from a test prep program like PrepScholar. PrepScholar will help you identify your content weaknesses, inform you (and your parents) how much time you spend studying on a weekly basis, and it will organize your practice so that you’re able to reach your target score efficiently. What's Next? Are you getting ready for the SAT? Figure out the best way to study. Are you planning to take the ACT? Learn how to study. Are you plagued by test anxiety? Find out how to overcome test anxiety to get your target score. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Commercial law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 6

Commercial law - Essay Example This explains the reasons why people in commercial undertakings consult legal minds2 on various ways through which they secure themselves as well as their businesses from unwarranted losses. In this case, protection takes different formats. The aim of taking protection measures is to make sure that the commercial person gets particular property and rights that will offer enough compensation to him or her just in case another member in the transaction fails in the obligations assigned to him or her by the contract for any reason. For instance, Arthur agreed to sell to David who resides in Paris five thousand tones of unrefined sugar imported from Jamaica. The fear in this context comes in two perspectives3. First Arthur would fear that David could not pay his money either in full, not all, or delay the payment. This is from the viewpoint of the supplier4. The second fear pertains to the receiver. David would fear that Arthur would fail to supply the right quality of sugar, pack less quantity, delay delivery, or fail to deliver completely5. The right ways of taking security including the receiver withholding payment until reception of the goods is one of the alternatives available to the receiver. On the other hand, the supplier would ask for payment before making any deliveries to take of uncertain eventualities6. To safeguard his rights, Arthur could stipulate in the contract that he remains the absolute owner of the sugar until payment is cleared. In case, Arthur has more needs for the money he could stipulate that the money goes to a specific agency before delivering the sugar to David7. However, in this case, David is one the receiving end because he was the receiver who received sugar8 outside the agreed time to a level that the market price is now half the officially estimated one. If one follows proper restructuring, trusts are the best means by which participants in commercial enterprises can take security. First, trusts work in dealings

Media Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Media Relations - Essay Example Now that knowledge of how the Internet is used in the business of public relations is considered an entry-level skill, what will future PR professionals need to develop their careers Charles Fremes, president and CEO of Edelman Public Relations (Canada), offered the following in an article for Strategy Magazine. An advertising pal of mine was complaining over lunch recently about how the list in the paper of key advisers to ONEX, Canadian Airlines, and Air Canada included lots of public relations people, lots of lawyers and lobbyists, "but not one ad guy. " He went on to lament that as little as 5 years ago, the CEO would have lunch with the president of his advertising agency at least once a month, just to gain another perspective on his competition and his business. "Today, " he said, "he's having lunch with the PR guy or gal. " The role of the public relations practitioner in the United Kingdom business has changed dramatically over the past 5 years. This change has been driven by most of the same external drivers that have affected every aspect of our lives. The ones that have had the most impact on the public relations discipline are: the pace and application of new technology, including the "virtual" workplace, the increased speed of information transference, teleconferencing, satellite media tours, and the arrival of new media, including the Internet, specialty channels, and e-commerce; the globalization of business and its impact on competitiveness; the restructuring of corporations and governments and its impact on employees, services, and consumers; and the rediscovery of the importance of customer service. Report into the current state of the U.K. job market for graduates In the early 1990s getting a job any time is difficult. When time was bad and companies were downsizing, or even worse, going out of business, finding a job in PR was a Promethean task. Well, 8 years later the task is not quite Promethean; let's just call it formidable. Much has changed in public relations in this short time span. Corporations that spent huge sums on advertising have redirected their spending and turned to public relations as a potent promotion and marketing medium. Many advertising agency groups have purchased public relations counsel firms, and the largest firms have gone global in a big way. In 1993, I wrote that Edelman Public Relations Worldwide, then the sixth-largest PR firm in the world, employed 500 people. In 2001, Edelman is still the sixth-largest firm worldwide and employs more than 1,000 in the United States alone and 2,000 worldwide. Another major development is the relationship of high tech and PR. Most of the top firms have substantial high-tech divisions, and today, there are many firms whose practice is exclusively in this area. An article in the booklet of the Council of Public Relations Firms, A Student's Guide to Public Relations Education, notes that the new century marks the golden age of public relations. Professionals are employed at an estimated 6,000 PR counseling firms, thousands

Junk Food Essay Example for Free

Junk Food Essay Hello, my name is Daniela and I am here today to share my opinion about banning junk food, and hopefully I change your opinion, if you disagree with me. Well, junk food is food that’s very high in fat, sugar, and calories. It hardly has protein, vitamins, or minerals. I know it may be very tasty and good, but it’s not so good for your body. Eating junk food can cause your brain to get addicted to it in a way like drugs do. You’ll constantly think you need it, when you don’t. If you go a couple weeks without junk food and you’re use to eating it, you’ll want it even more, which is bad. Poor eating habits as a kid, become worse when you’re an adult. Eating it for years can cause obesity. Over 31. 8% of children in America are obese or overweight. This all leads to heart problems, diabetes, and other health problems. It can also cause cavities and other dental problems. Junk food also has a lack of oxygen, which is what feeds the brain and the rest of the body. Lack of oxygen causes fatigue and lack of concentration. A lot of studies also show that kid’s grades are sliding down very fast, due to being tired and lack of concentration. They can’t keep all the information they’re learning in their head. Parents should monitor their kid’s diet, but at school they can’t. Therefore the school should help the students in deciding what’s better for their nutrition. Kids do what they see other people do no matter if it’s bad or good. They see us eating a lot of junk food; they’ll eat a lot of junk food. They see us being healthy; they’ll want to become healthy. So why teach them that eating a lot of junk food is healthy? At home, maybe some parents may not care what their kid eats; therefore they should at least have one healthy meal provided by the school. Many students like to go and socialize with their friends during lunch since they can’t really talk or see each other any other times during school. Therefore, they’ll want to just grab a quick snack, like a type of junk food, and just leave to go talk with their friends. They aren’t eating a good meal and are just putting junk in their body. It’s much better if the school bans it and replaces the junk food with a healthy snack so at least the person can be eating something good for them. What if the school makes you take P. E. more than you’re required to since they decided to keep junk food? I know many of you hate it. So I don’t know about you, but I rather be eating healthy, than be trying to lose those calories I got from the junk food. I rather not even be taking P. E. another year just because they decided to keep that junk. Also, students are taught in health classes about healthy eating, and if the schools promotes and sells junk food, then the school contradicts its purpose of teaching this. The money you waste on junk food funds most of the cool and new stuff we get for our school. The school board should be paying for this stuff. They’re basically making money off your poor health choices. I hope you see things my way now and think about supporting the idea of banning junk food in school. Thank you for your listening!

Fried Green Tomatoes at Whistle Stop Cafe: Novel vs. Movie Essays

Fried Green Tomatoes at Whistle Stop Cafe: Novel vs. Movie â€Å"I may be sitting at the Rose Terrace Nursing Home, but in my mind I’m over at the Whistle Stop Cafe having a plate of Fried Green Tomatoes† (Flagg ). Both the novel and the movie received a number of great reviews and honors. However, the two vary greatly in content. The novel, Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe, brings the reader a much more detailed and very different story compared to the movie. For example, the character Vesta Adcock as portrayed in the novel is a citizen of Whistle Stop. Flagg sees Vesta as having church meetings and socials at her home and also as being the president of the drama club. â€Å"... Mrs. Vesta Acock, this little bird-breasted woman... who’s from Whistle Stop, came in wearing her fox furs and her diamond dinner rings† (Flagg 27). However, in the movie, Mrs. Adcock’s character changes completely. She does not play a woman from Whistle Stop, but Ed Couch’s aunt. The film shows her as a grouchy old woman residing in the Rose Hills Nursing Home Also, in the novel Flagg describes Buddy Threadgoode’s lover as Eva, the town harlot and proprietor of â€Å"The Wagon Wheel River and Fishing Club†. â€Å"...she had slept with a lot of men..., but [Buddy] didn’t care. Eva was as easy with her body as she was with every thing else.... The first time she took [Buddy] to bed, she made him feel like a man† (Flagg 94). Although the movie shows Buddy in love with the most admired woman in Whistle Stop, Ruth Jamison, the film shows Buddy walking with Ruth by the river. His eyes light up when he sees her and he cares about her greatly. In fact, he was trying to retrieve Ruth’s hat when the train killed him. Ninny Threadgoode says in the movie, â€Å"...his heart belonged to Ruth Jamison.† In addition, in the novel, Evelyn, who feels her life has become an endless battlefield, mainly because of her severe self-conscienceness, invented a person she used to give her courage in times she felt belittled. When someone would make her feel worthless Evelyn would think about Towanda and all the super hero battles she would fight if she really were Towanda. â€Å"Evelyn had even made up a secret code name for herself... a name feared around the world: TOWANDA THE AVENGER!† (Flagg 238). On the other hand in the movie, the unrefined and untamed Idgie Threadgoode thinks up Towanda. Evelyn uses... ...st scattered to the wind.† She does not find her house, although her new friend comforts her. In the movie, Ninny says,â€Å" Hey Evelyn, somebody stole my house. It was right here when I left.† Evelyn, who has fallen in love with Ninny, takes Ninny to her house and makes a home for her there. However, in the novel, Ninny Threadgoode goes back to her home in Whistle Stop, a growing city. There has been a lot of changes in the town, and all of Ninny’s memories have become rundown issuers. Despite the changes she returns to her house. Shortly after she returns, she dies a peaceful death in her sleep. â€Å"She wasn’t sick...she died in her sleep† (Flagg 378). Indeed, the movie and the novel hold many differences. Characters have changed, been eliminated, events have been left out, and relationships differed. Despite the changes, the film still managed to live up to the standards the book set. â€Å"Fried Green Tomatoes is a thorouly enjoyable move...,† says James Berardinelli quoted from the internet. Nominated for a Pulitzer Prize in 1987, this novel has tons of material which changed in the screenplay. However, both works offer dynamic characters, an interesting plot, and charming dialogue.

A Good Man essay

Misfit : Definitely round. He is a murderer. He lacks apathy for most of the family, but he takes time to talk to the grandmother. He is from a â€Å"good† family and seems to know how to talk the talk of a good southern boy. He actually seems touched by the grandmother's words, yet he is quickly repulsed by his apathy. He almost seemed like he was going to help out the stranded family until they reccognized them. The grandma is an example of a round/dynamic character because she has varied traits and her character changes during the story.She is caring because she does not want to leave the cat at home be itself, in fear that the cat will get hurt. Also, she is caution, warning her son about the speed limit and not to exceed the limit because patrolmen are hiding in order to catch law breakers. She is observant and appreciates the simple things in life, such as â€Å"stone mountain; the blue granite†¦ the brilliant red clay banks†¦Ã¢â‚¬  On the way, she spots a â €Å"little Negro child† on the side of the road and she said â€Å"if I could paint, I’d paint that picture,† which shows her sincerity.The grandma is also funny, when John Wesley asked â€Å"where’s the plantation? † she responded, â€Å"Gone with the wind. † The grandmother is respectful towards the earth; she did not let the children throw the box and the paper napkins out the window. At times she feels embarrassed because of the way her grandchildren acts. The grandmother starts off sable then she became emotional. Another round/dynamic character is the Misfit. When the Misfit first encounters the family, he greets them with â€Å"Good afternoon. † When the grandmother â€Å"began to cry† the â€Å"Misfit reddened. This shows that the Misfit has compassion towards the grandmother that in seeing her cry he feels guilty. He sees the grandmother upset so he tries to comfort her by telling her â€Å"don’t you get upset . Sometimes a man says thing he don’t mean. I don’t reckon he meant to talk to you thataway. † At one point, the Misfit apologizes to the grandmother and the daughter in law for being shirtless in-front of them. The Misfit seems like a caring guy, but in the end he is a barbarian. He had the son, the daughter in law, and the two children killed.In the end, he shoots the grandmother â€Å"three times through the chest. † Flat characters have only one or two noticeable traits, and these traits do not change. Static character, remain the same throughout the narrative In contrast, June star and John Wesley are flat/static characters. Throughout the whole narrative both June Star and John Wesley are rude and has no manner. First of all, they never call the grandmother by her name or â€Å"grandmother,† they only call her â€Å"she. † The manner in which the children speak to the grandmother shows their lack of respect and their rudeness.When the g randmother did not want to go to Florida, John Wesley said â€Å"If you don’t want to go to Florida, why dontcha stay at home? † and June Star said â€Å"She wouldn’t stay at home for a million bucks† â€Å"Afraid she’d miss something. She has to go everywhere we go. † At the restaurant, the owner wife asked June Star, â€Å"would you like to come be my little girl? † and June Star responded, â€Å"No I certainly wouldn’t,† â€Å"I wouldn’t live in a broken down place like this for a million bucks! † which made the grandmother embarrassed.In the car, the children was yelling and screaming at their parents until they get their way. The reason to have round/dynamic and flat/static characters is so that they can contradict one another. If a narrative only has one character type then the narrative won’t be as engaging to the readers. The round/dynamic characters add excitement to the narrative because th ese characters are unpredictable, one never knows what they are going to say or do by Text-Enhancenext. On the other hand, the flat/static characters are boring.They are simply there to make the narrative complete by having varies characters. The different characters types in a narrative allow the reader to compare and contrast the characters The Misfit[-;0], from Flannery O'Connor[->1]'s short story titled A Good Man Is Hard to Find[-;2], seems to me to be a very realistic character. Although the reader's first impression of him is very much a stereotype, O'Connor causes his character to be the only rounded one among a group of flat[-;3], one-dimensional people.His reality is paradoxically heightened further by the predictable plot she puts him into. This definitely reflects on the symbolism that O'Connor is using within the story. O'Connor intends A Good Man Is Hard to Find to be the study of a deeply conflicted character. The Misfit wants on one level to be good, or to be known[- ;4] as good, but he can't rationalize away or separate himself from his actions. At the same time as he's executing a family, he's trying to explain why he's only doing what is necessary[-;5].He also seems to feel some type of connection with the grandmother, as if they're both basically of the same substance[->6], however dissimilar their lives have been. After reading through the short story a few times, I realized that the Misfit is meant to symbolize Satan[->7]. His characterization as a misfit, murderer, deceiver and escaped convict are just the most obvious similarities between the two beings. Both his revelations about himself and his obsession with Jesus Christ[->8] bear out this comparison,. ->0] – http://everything2. com/title/The+Misfit [->1] – http://everything2. com/title/Flannery+O%2527Connor [->2] – http://everything2. com/title/A+Good+Man+Is+Hard+to+Find [->3] – http://everything2. com/title/flat [->4] – http://everything2. com/titl e/known [->5] – http://everything2. com/title/necessary [->6] – http://everything2. com/title/the+same+substance [->7] – http://everything2. com/title/Satan [->8] – http://everything2. com/title/Jesus+Christ

A Schenkerian Analysis of Preludio from Bach’s Unaccompanied Violin Partita Essay

Very few theorists touch upon the topic of motivic and structural coherence in Bach’s dance suites. The keyboard and lute suites deservedly have more published analyses than the string suites – considering there are simply more of them – leaving the cello and violin suites pristine and practically untouched, and unjustifiably so. The most obscure are the violin suites, particularly the BWV 1006 in E major. With the exception of the well-known published analysis by Schenker of the Preludio, Carl Schachter’s analysis of the Gavotte en Rondeaux, no other analysis can be found of this partita. Building on Schenker and Schachter, I present my own Schenkerian analysis of the Preludio. With the help of David Beach’s book on unity in Bach suites and Joel Lester’s book on Bach’s solo violin works, I address motivic and structural coherence in this partita with some observations that apply to all of Bach’s violin suites. Bach composed six unaccompanied works for the violin in the year 1720, three Sonatas da chiesa and three Partitas. The â€Å"partita†, as understood during Bach’s time, was a set of variations; as one might infer, this definition implies that some or all movements of each partita are variations of each other. The BWV 1006 has seven movements and the only violin partita that begins with a prelude. David Beach addresses the first two of three violin Partitas in his book, observing the importance of the neighbor motion as a motivic pattern in the first and second Partitas. I wish to call attention to the great significance of the neighbor motion that is present in the third Partita as well. The Preludio opens with a lower-neighbor figure E-D#-E, and the figure occurs within every modulation. It’s noteworthy that Urlinie itself, in fact, contains an incomplete neighbor. The Gavotte en Rondeaux is the literal embodiment of the variation concept. Being the only violin partita with a Rondo movement, the notion that a partita is a set of variation is most evident through this partita. Regarding Gavotte en Rondeaux, Carl Schachter suggests that as the episodes increase in complexity, the ritornello seems more and more parenthetical. In a sense the two episodes can be organically linked over the ritornello, and thus the concept of the Rondo is realized even more so beyond its surficial sectionalized design. Continuing with this notion, I suspect that as a whole, the movements of BWV 1006 can be linked together specifically because it is a set of variations, despite its superficial differences. Structural coherence of the partita can be inferred from the Preludio. The piece is typically heard as two sections that are quite similar, while this division seems insignificant, it suggests a subtle element of variety. Being a prelude, it would not be presumptuous to assume either one the two things: the other movements will have similar two-part divisions, or other movements will also have varying sections. To facilitate an in-depth analysis of the Preludio, I have produced foreground and middle ground graphs. However, I made my graphs after consulting Schenker’s own analysis of the Preludio. As one of Schenker’s earlier analyses, it is noteworthy that he reads the Urlinie as an 8-line; this octave-line interpretation creates more problems than a reading from 3. However, the basic, fundamental idea Schenker presented provides a blueprint for a reading, which, in my view, is more accurate. Schenker offered FIG. 1 in conjunction with the 8-line Urlinie, without specifying exactly what the relationship is. I propose that Schenker intuited the significance of the neighbor motion in the Urlinie, and read 8 as a cover tone. From Schenker’s figure above I present my notion of the incomplete upper neighbor [FIG. 2]. The de-emphasis of the returning 3 as a passing tone from 4 to 2 lends importance to the incomplete upper neighbor A, supported by IV. This self-contained tonal area stretches over half of the Preludio. A reprise of an opening passage at the initiation of the A prolongation gestures its independence from its surrounding, indeed a smaller organism enveloped within the larger animal. This is evident through the internal auxiliary cadence to A that accompanies the tonal area IV. In retrospect, the IV is already a long-term goal from the beginning. The first 58 measures properly set the stage for the emergence of IV. The first step on the path to IV is the movement to VI as a short-term goal. This is done by first moving to G# (m. 39) through F# (m. 37), creating a third progression E-F#-G# in the process. The G# is employed first in the top voice as primary tone and then in the bass as pedal point, also the fifth to the incoming C# (m. 51) [FIG 4.  EX. 1]. The C#, in a sense, is a midway stopping point from E major on its way to A major. A# in measure 53 leads to B, creating yet another third progression G#-A#-B. The B is to be read not as V of E but as II of A, unfolding to tonic through two consecutive fifths B-E-A [EX. 2]. As we shall see, the contour of the bass forecasts what is to come; additionally this prelude within the Preludio presents the material for further elaboration and development. Now firmly in A, a memorable passage from measures17-28 is restated in the new key, as though a second beginning. This reiteration casts upon listeners a sense of home, even though the music has strayed to a new tonal area. As I stated before, the 58-measures prelude will matured and grow in its new environment. The bass progression moves in the similar contour as the early 58 measures. The F# (VI) in the bass being a third below A, serves as a short-term goal as a midway stopping point on its way to D# (V65). The long-term relationship between A and D# results in a tri-tone which intensifies the arrival of V [E, 4]. The midway F# is unfolded from G# the same manner as the unfolding of A from B, through two consecutive fifths F#-D#-G# [E, 3]. The internal Urlinie is initiated by C# over A in [E, 2], and falls upon an implied B above the D# as 2, the B is prolonged over the V in a 6-5 motion [E, 5]. The path between V on its way back to I is quite sophisticated. In the treble, a sequential circle of fifths is used to take the fifths (E-B) to the octaves (A-A) [E, 5. 5]. With an 8-7 motion, the A octave becomes a B7 chord. The B acts as pedal point at this point in the bass [E, 6]. As the seventh of B resolves to G#, B leaps a third to D#, which then is registrally shifted to a lower register through arpeggiation. The low D# then compose out a D#7 chord reaching a high A, thus the end of the internal Urlinie is reached. It should be noted that Schenker pointed out a large-scale voice exchange, consisting of B and D# between measure 120 and measure 128 [see foreground graph pg. 8]. The V in the bass arpeggiation is now approached with utmost anticipation as the weight of the entire Preludio shifts upon its imminent arrival; with only a few measures left, one has to onder in what magnificent way the V will be executed to counterbalance the monumental build to the IV? As the internal Urlinie is fulfilled in measure 131, two descending third progressions in parallel sixths [E, 7] bring forth the most dramatic, German style of violin execution: one dotted quarter B7 quadruple stop that brings the Preludio to a single halt, as the V is finally in place. The effective but swift gesture is sustained by A, the seventh, no longer an incomplete upper neighbor but supported by V. As the A moves through G# to F#, a 7-6-5 motion is created over V as Urlinie scale degree 2 is reached [E, 8]. The bass returns home to its original tonic E in measure 137, and the Urlinie is satisfied as well with E in the treble. The last two measures are coda, finishing the piece in a similar manner as it opened, unfolding itself back into the high E through two octaves. Extended bow technique is demanded to perform the Preludio, perhaps more so than the other movements; but that is not to say the big shifts and the frequent adjusting to unconventional positions is any more comfortable for the left hand. The consistent stream of sixteenth notes in a fast ? nvokes immediate association to a keyboard prelude. Furthermore, the multiple voices created through exploiting the full range of the instrument allows for keyboard features such as pedal point, register shifts. Combined with multiple subject entries and modulations, this piece contains mature Baroque characters of a Bach keyboard prelude. Ironically, Bach wrote such a prelude for a most unsuitable instrument, perhaps with the knowledge that only with correct and virtuosic execution can its full intended effect be achieved. As I begin to understand the purpose of each note, I play the piece better. Mindless playing and practicing is unfulfilling and futile, and can only produce the most stiff and lifeless imitations of music, if I may quote Schenker. As for the issue concerning unity in all of Bach’s work, both Lester and Beach discussed first two violin partitas at length but strangely failed to address the last partita, I think the research on this topic remains incomplete without consideration of this partita. It would be interesting, if not absolutely necessary to look into the rest of the partita to see what it has to offer.

Crop Circles Essays - Crop Circle, Forteana, Land Art, Pseudoscience

Crop Circles Essays - Crop Circle, Forteana, Land Art, Pseudoscience Crop Circles Crop Circles have been found throughout the whole country. They are one of the most intriguing things that I have read and researched. There have also been many shows that I have watched that have been very interesting. The first recent evidence of a crop circle was in 1966 in Tully England. The circles themselves ranged from a few inches in diameter to a few feet. There is also evidence of a crop circle in Hertfordshire, England in 1678. There have been many theories as to why these peculiar circular shapes have appeared in peoples crops. These theories include UFO's, energy fields, and also plasma vortexes(sine 1). There is no evidence as to how these patterns are formed. There is evidence that there is an electric field aroound some of these circles. One theory is that electrified air forms mini-tornadoes and causes the circles. This is called the "Plasma Vortex Theory"(Sine 1). Another theory that is very prominent is that all of these circles are hoaxes and were made by people to recieve publicity. Hoaxes are blamed for many of the circles especially the ones that are more complex. There have been people to admit to man making some of these circles. Two people who have admitted to this are Doug Bower and David Chorley(Sine 1). They admitted to faking around two hundred fifty cirle formations. Many of the circles that were admitted hoaxes were under suspicion because of there ragged look. Also some of the more complex and intricat ones are thought to be fakes. The amount of these circles is proof in itself and the fact that they are spread throughout the world is also proof that it is not all a hoax. The most interesting theory is that UFO's made the circles(sine 2). there have been sightings of UFO's and circles have been at the sight the next morning. There also has been sightingds of balls of light over the fields at night that have left these circles on the ground. When some of these circles have appeared a "sceaming"(Sine 1) noise was heard in the night along with strange nocturnal lights. Sometime in the 1970's circles appeared on the farm of a guy anmed Billy Meier's farm. This person also had claimed to have been abducted by aliens in the past. The grass was flat but not broken just bent over. Even stranger afterwards the grass continued to grow in swirled pattern. There is also a video of miliatary helicopter flying hovering over a ball of light over top of anewly formed crop circle. Hte government claims the helicopter was on maneuvers. These balls of light were also seen following fighter planes into battle during World War II . The British Government has an extereme interst in these balls of light(Sine 2). Bibliography Sine,Cory. "Aufora Special Report." http://ume.ucalgary.ca/aufora/journals/spring/06.html (19 Jan 1997). Sine,Cory. "Aufora Crop Circles." http://ume.med.ucalgary.ca/~watanabe/info/crop.html (19 Jan 1997). Sine,Cory. "pics." http:/www.aufora.org/pics/crop.html (19 Jan 1997)

Reviewing Prefix, Suffix, and Root Word Vocabulary

Reviewing Prefix, Suffix, and Root Word Vocabulary This exercise will give you practice in recognizing and using common prefixes, suffixes, and roots. Instructions For each sentence below, study the one word thats in bold print. See if you can identify the root word (or base) along with any prefixes and/or suffixes that are attached to it. After you have filled in all the blanks, compare your answers with those below. We watched a preview of the new Pixar movie.Root: ____________​Prefix: ____________The dancing cat was seen by more than two-million YouTube viewers.Root: ____________Suffix: ____________The teacher handed out paper hearts to the students who had done extra work.Root: ____________Suffix: ____________The magician made the rabbit disappear.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________At the end of his performance, the magician made a graceful bow to the audience.Root: ____________Suffix: ____________Shyla asked the magician for his autograph.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________Because of the lightness of the breeze, the sailboat moved quite slowly.Root: ____________Suffix: ____________Despite the heaviness of his backpack, Jack raced up the hill.Root: ____________Suffix: ____________Some dogs are shy or unfriendly, and they might bark or snap if you try to pet them.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________Suffix: ____________Esther quickly reopened the door and called for her cat.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________Suffix: ____________ We stood on a bluff overlooking the ocean.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________Suffix: ____________In todays world, no part of the globe is unreachable.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________Suffix: ____________My father never let anyone see him dressed informally.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________Suffix: ____________Everyone thought that Mr. Darcy was the proudest, most disagreeable man in the world.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________Suffix: ____________Preschoolers should have plenty of opportunities to run, play, and listen to stories.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________Suffix: ____________The speaker pointed out the unfairness of blaming high schools for the poor preparation of college freshmen in reading, writing, and math.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________Suffix: ____________ Answers Below are the answers to the exercise: Root:Â  viewPrefix:Â  pre-Root:Â  viewSuffix:Â  -ersRoot:Â  teachSuffix:Â  -erRoot:Â  appearPrefix:Â  dis-Root:Â  graceSuffix:Â  -fulRoot:Â  graphPrefix:Â  auto-Root:Â  lightSuffix:Â  -nessRoot:Â  heavySuffix:Â  -nessRoot:Â  friendPrefix:Â  un-Suffix:Â  -lyRoot:Â  openPrefix:Â  re-Suffix:Â  -edRoot:Â  lookPrefix:Â  over-Suffix:Â  -ingRoot:Â  reachPrefix:Â  un-Suffix:Â  -ableRoot:Â  formalPrefix:Â  in-Suffix:Â  -lyRoot:Â  agreePrefix:Â  dis-Suffix:Â  -ableRoot:Â  schoolPrefix:Â  -preSuffix:Â  -ersRoot:Â  fairPrefix:Â  un-Suffix:Â  -ness

Accounting for Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Accounting for Decision Making - Essay Example These two important measures of profitability show that the company has made remarkable progress over the nest quarter signifying increased efficiency and effectiveness. However, this is not the case. The statements prepared under the contribution margin rules show that the contribution margin has not improved between the two quarters. The statement prepared implied the company has contribution margin of 52% in the both the quarters, as seen in figure 5, implying that there has no increase in efficiency of controlling variable costs. Therefore, the profit net profit margin under the contribution margin statement remains 14% in both quarters. The increase in the net income under the absorption id due to the allocation of the fixed costs over a greater number of units produced. Mr. Rozen has increased the production levels from 25,000 units to 50,000 units. This has reduced the allocation of fixed costs from $24 in first quarter to $12 in second quarter. Thus the cost of goods sold has decreased by $300,000 which has increased the gross margins and the net margin. Can you make any suggestions for reporting in the future? Absorption approach is construc tive for external reporting. It does not provide the competitors with too much information which they can use to their advantage such as the product cost, the material costs, the labor costs and others. Similarly, this approach considers the costs to the finished inventory as an asset on a balance sheet until it is sold. Therefore, this helps the company to improve its metrics for external stakeholders. Likewise, the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, or GAAP, requires the publicly held companies to prepare their statements under the absorption approach. (Taylor, 2010) However, for internal users and decision-making, contribution margin approach to income statement is quite useful. Variable costing allows the internal users to understand the product cost of unit which will allow them to decrease variances between actual and budgeted amounts. This helps in controlling costs and overall profitability of the company. With this approach, the managers can make better decisions in a fluctuation sales environment and helps them to accurate the cost of productions for future periods. Likewise, this approach helps to observe an impact of each and every product on the overall profitability of the company. Some products are better absorbers of fixed costs and increase the earnings of the company. Therefore, an adequate decision can be made regarding the discontinuation of product which will least affect the earnings. (Scott, 2012) Do you think Mr. Rosen should be seriously considered for the CEO position? Why or why not? Mr. Rozen has based his decision to increase the production on inadequate information. He has not pondered hard over the impact of his decision on the company’s operations and profitability. With the increase in production, Mr. Rozen only allowed for a better allocation of the fixed costs over a larger quantity of units. This only allowed for the costs to be temporarily seen as assts on the balance sheet in the form of inventory. However, M r. Rozen must understand that the huge amount of inventory that has been created will need to managed and properly maintained over the nest quarter for the sales in future. This will increase inventory handling costs and storage costs that will have

Livia 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Livia 2 - Essay Example This is evident since they do not disclose earnings form deposits although they account for around a third of bank’s total revenues. Although these bank charges may seem little, they are quite substantial considering the thousands or even millions of deposits that banks receive periodically. Banks however defend they action to levy deposits. They argue that deposits cost money to handle. These costs arise as a result of time and encumbrance to teller as a result of counting cash and also cost of transferring these funds. They also pay some fee to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. for holding large cash amount. However, this may be more rational if they only charged deposits that are in millions. It seems quite absurd to reason out that a bank like chase bank needs 40 cents to handle every $1,000 deposited exceeding an initial deposit od 7500. According to the author, Banks should not charge levies for receiving cash. They are only seeking more profits. According to my view, banks should not charge for deposits at all. This is because deposits are part of their sources for economics surpluses. Without deposits, banks would not be enjoying benefits on credit creation (Strahan, P.E. & Weston, J.P. pg. 835). Credit creation is the process by which banks loan out credit given to an individual over and over again (Saunders, A. pg. 89). This is because borrowers do not always withdraw the entire loaned amount or redeposit it back to their accounts for safety measures. Banks take advantage of this idle cash balances and loan it again although they maintain a reserve ratio just in case a customer need this amount. When this is done repeatedly, banks make extra earnings depending on a factor known as a credit creation multiplier. A second reason why banks should not charge deposits is simply to encourage deposit inflows (Rhoades, A. pg. 280). Deposits are sources of fund that are directly loaned out even

'Can managers influence the culture of their organizations Discuss Essay

'Can managers influence the culture of their organizations Discuss with reference to at least one example.' - Essay Example Organisational culture can be a source of competitive advantage for a company. Leadership style is one the determinants of organisational culture and it can influence various dimensions of organisational culture. Managers, executives, board of directors and the people who can lead the organisations to achieve the set directions are the leaders and they have potential to influence the culture of organisations. The aim of this essay is to determine whether managers influence the culture of organisations or not, if yes, then how? Early researchers have always been interested to determine the role of managers in organisations. Most of them have studied the impact of organisational culture on effectiveness of managers. Ghiat and Willey conducted a study in which they explored the ineffectiveness of organisations in Algeria as a result of influence of personalities and styles of managers. Their findings depict that effectiveness of managers is determined by the local culture in which organ isation is set (Davies, 1989, pp.26). The competition among the businesses and organisations is increasing and today leaders appear to the major assets for organisations which have the potential to influence the organisations. ... managers) are responsible to shape the culture (Ambler, 2009). It is the influence of the managers on the organisational culture, which makes them the change agents in organisations. Managers face the challenge to determine the most effective culture for organisations and how to effectively change the culture (Baker, 2002). Baker argues that it is the responsibility of managers to ensure the existing culture of organisation relevant to present and future while ensuring some continuity with the past. The example of WMATA shows the importance of a manager in an organisation and what problems an organisation can face when a manager fails to support the organisational culture. Governor of WMATA Board, O’Malley has announced that WMATA is planning to keep Richard Sarles as an interim General Manager/Chief Executive Officer of company rather than permanent GM (Alpert, 2011). Actually the company has been facing cultural issues such as administrative structure of organisation has bec ome very strict, departments do not communicate with each other, skilled change agents are lacking the ability to achieve important tasks and employee turnover has increased. Sarles is the General Manager of company and he has been more involved in making relations with local officials and bodies and he has also launched a track progress report system however, he has been unable to solve the issues which company is facing. Moreover, the culture of company has been transformed into a secretive culture with poor relationships with press. Therefore, company is considering Sarles as an interim manager for a few years because he is already at retirements and company

Cut throat competition in business

Cut throat competition in business In this world of cut throat competition one of the most important aspects in business is marketing. The principal motto of marketing is to promote and secure the reputation of the product and the services, so that the market would recognize, acknowledge and accept the products and services. The production and distribution of goods and services is directly proportional to the quality of its marketing. The better and innovative the marketing strategy, the better is the goods and services distribution. So, then it is no wonder that businesses are hunting and scouring like anything for unconventional and off-the-wall marketing tactics. Organizations these days can choose from an assortment of marketing and sales strategies. The goal here is to make the buyers market aware of their products and services. One of the most cost effective , productive and fruitful ways of marketing these days is online marketing such as blogging and pay-per-click ads. These online marketing blogs not only make it feasible for the masses to be informed , enlightened, and educated about the motley of products and services that they can profit from but also make them more researchable and conceivable. Thus, in order to be discovered and consequently remain in the public memory, investing in marketing becomes indispensable for the company or the business. Another online marketing technique extensively used these days is affiliate marketing. Affiliate marketing entails advertising or broadcasting the product or service online , wherein, the advertisers and the broadcasters ( i.e. the business persons who have to sell their products and services ) remunerate publishers and promoters ( i.e. the nonpartisan groups willing to publicize and promote the goods and services offered by a business person on their web site.) these advertisers pay only if the promotion leads to a deal or a transaction. Which implies that if the publisher wishes to be remunerated in a generous and handsome manner his/her marketing should be strong and effective enough to induce the visitor to make a purchase or at least fill in a form. The business persons here to trade and sell their products and services are known as â€Å"the affiliate merchants †and the parties volunteering to publicize and promote their goods and services are known as â€Å"the affilia tes† . http://www.cj.com/about/affiliate_marketing.html The merits and benefits of affiliate marketing are numerous. Affiliate marketing has led to the growth and rise of umpteen online businesses and companies, including the likes of amazon.com. the income prospects associated with affiliate markets are great and lucrative. . All one has to do is add more and more websites and advertise a potpourri of goods and services on their respective affiliate programs to reap maximum benefits. The best thing about affiliate marketing is that it allows you to be your own master. You hold the reins to your work and career , in that , you get to choose when to work , with whom to work , which product is to be promoted etc. to add to all these benefits one also gets to work from his/her home. In the best top ten affiliate marketing companies chart 2010, the top slot is occupied by Experience Advertising of Florida u.s.a . Experience Advertising boasts of more than 50 active clients and is the proud affiliate marketer of companies having illustrious reputation like BistroMD.com, Babytobee.com, Thenerds.net, Date.com etc. and has a very impressive client retention rate of 99%. Founded in the year 2007 Experience Advertisings core practice areas are affiliate marketing, social media optimization and content creation. With only 1-10 , well trained, full time employees having intimate knowledge of online marketing Experience Advertising generated a humongous revenue of $ 1 million $ 2,999,999. what makes Experience Advertising so successful are the prolific and intellectually productive services it provides like active affiliate managers, free site and blog building, regular account management and newsletters and banners of the highest quality. http://www.topseos.com/experience-advertising MARKETING CORP another affiliate marketing company coming up , in the image of Experience Advertising , intends to provide exceptional affiliate marketing services. MARKETING CORP will broadcast and advertise the web sites of product owners through Google advertisement. Like Experience Advertising , MARKETING CORP will endeavor to build relations with its affiliates on a personal level.. our amiable affiliate handlers have consummate knowledge of HTML, social media, SEO, link building , PPC management and article marketing strategies. We intend to serve our affiliates by providing all the tools , resources and assistance required to increase the likelihood of a greater revenue production. Whether you are a beginner or a virtuoso we can always help you better your prospects. One of Experience Advertisings most successful and demanded free tool is the Content Request Tool, which will also be provided by MARKETING CORPS. This tool permits the affiliate to ask for and choose between a singular article, for which they will decide the title, or a distinctive merchant review. Customers need not worry about the cost of these outstanding services because MARKETING CORP wont charge anything for any service it provides. The company has on its team some very skilled writers who will write articles and reviews for their customers. Another tool regarded with great favor by the general public is the free site/ blog building tool which builds a site online for its customer in minutes. MARKETING CORPS will also provide newsletters and banners of very high quality. The designs , patterns and emblems offered by MARKETING CORPS are professional and seemly . also, MARKETING CORPS will , just like Experience Advertising, design sites and landing pages for its customers for free. MARKETING CORPS will constantly work to improve its designs because they in turn improve the performance of the online company, as many online marketing gurus will say. Similarly when it comes to daily account management MARKETING CORPS, like Experience advertising , will make sure that online company customers will not have to stand by for examination , assessment and sanction. To ensure the satisfaction of its customers MARKETING CORPS will make it a point to assess and approve the online companies it serves many times a day, everyday. Answer ing emails without delay will also be a part of daily account management. In order to build and maintain long lasting affiliate relationships MARKETING CORPS will receive calls and answer queries even at night and also on weekends , because like its role model Experience Advertising , MARKETING CORPS also believes that affiliate marketing is a 24/7 job. Furthermore , MARKETING CORPS will also provide Paid Search Management services which is the most demanded marketing instrument on the net. MARKETING CORPS keeps in mind that the needs and requirements of each and every company is different. What suits one company might not suit other companies. MARKETING CORPS will therefore do a thorough research and learn all about your business ventures before coming up with its designs and plans. Like Experience Advertising MARKETING CORPS also believes in breaking down , dissecting and scrutinizing even the most productive and fruitful campaigns. These ideas and campaigns are then modified , honed and perfected from time to time. Thus MARKETING CORPS will bring to its online companies and businesses the expertise , skills , knowledge and experience of its affiliate managers who are all well recognized in the industry .

Apocalypse Now, Apocalypse Forever Essay -- Movie Film comparison comp

Apocalypse Now, Apocalypse Forever Francis Ford Coppola's magnum opus Apocalypse Now was ladened with problems and difficulties before and after filming. These problems ranged from those having to do with the cast and crew, to those having to do with the circumstances surrounding the filming, to those having to do with the script, to those dealing in direct regard to the very sanity of all of those involved with Apocalypse Now. Despite the myriad of problems that contributed to this acclaimed film's failure, Apocalypse Now still became a success in its own right, and a true classic by any director's standards. Joseph Conrad's 1902 novel Heart Of Darkness is the striking story of Captain Marlow, an English ship captain who is sent into Africa to track down and collect the debts of an ivory trader identified as Mister Kurtz, a man who may or may not have gone insane along his eventful journey (Conrad). In this novel Marlow is faced with treachery from the Company, hostile as well as friendly natives, and the impending meeting with Kurtz himself. Marlow becomes obsessed with meeting Kurtz and communicating with him after reading the personal history of the man, and hearing all the remarkable stories about Kurtz told by Englishmen and Africans alike (Conrad). This fascinating story is the one that inspired original screenwriter John Milius to write the first drafts of Apocalypse Now in 1969 (Behr). Orson Welles originally planned to write, direct, and star in his own version of Heart Of Darkness back in 1939 (Behr). The problem arose when the Mercury movie company pulled out of the project cit ing Welles' inability to keep the film to be within their strict budget (Virtanen). Welles decided to give up on the project and decid... ... all signs pointed to Apocalypse Now's sure failure, that failure never came. Francis Ford Coppola not only did not receive the "F" he assured himself that he would, he created a film that is uniquely his, and that remains loyal to its many parents, but also reflects Coppola's inner self unlike any other artists mirror. Works Cited Behr, Fax (Writer, Director), & Hickenlooper, George (Writer, Director). 1992. Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse [Film]. Showtime/ Paramount. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness & The Secret Sharer. 1986. Buccaneer Books, inc. Cutchogue, NY. Coppola, Francis Ford (Director, Co-author). 1979. Apocalypse Now [Film]. American Zoetrope/ United Artists. Virtanen, Panu S. (1997). Apocalypse Now Tribute Page. Retrieved July 2nd, 1997 from the World Wide Web: http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/9067/apocal.html.

How Are Women Represented in British Sitcom Peepshow

How are women represented in the British Sitcom PeepShow Introduction I have looked at how women are represented in Peep Show, a British Situation Comedy based around two very different friends that share a flat in London. The majority of situations they get into involve their attempts to seduce or gain affection from the women they either love or have a fleeting obsession with. The reason I decided to analyse Peep Show is because its two main characters are so contrasting in ethics, morals, life style choices and attitudes towards women that it allows for an interesting look into how women are represented.I also feel that women in comedy on a whole are underrepresented. Literature review The literary resources I will be drawing upon include and article by Jack Glascock from the Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media(2001). In which he looks at gender roles on primetime television and focuses on the shift in representation from the seventies gender roles on primetime television . The article is both theoretical and statistical and provides an interesting overview of gender on screen. I will also be looking at the work of Brett Mills.I will look at two of his works one is a journal article in the Oxford Journal Screen. Also looking at his book, The Sitcom. Brett Mills is an expert in the sit com arena, with several journals and books on similar subjects, he offers a contemporary look at British sitcom, including Peep Show. Methodology I had several issues when approaching the method of my research. The first issue was that in order to do a focus group, I would have to pick specific episodes to show people. By choosing a specific episode, I would by default be cherry picking the content and with that content cherry picking the ideology of the episode.I therefore decided to pick an episode at random, so I could try to eradicate the possibility of me picking an episode that would reinforce my own opinions. The episode â€Å"The Local Zero† was then sho wn to two male and one female. These three participants had never seen an episode of Peep Show before, they there for were briefed on the general narrative: i. e that Mark and Jeremy are friends that live together in a flat. I also did not tell them specifically what I was trying to find out; I then asked them a series of questions.Not all specific to gender, however the majority were pin pointed towards gender. The focus group gave me an unbiased first account of what people thought if they were to just turn on the television for the first time and see an episode of Peep Show. Would they think that the show they had just watched represented women positively or negatively? They would have no bias or favouritism towards the characters. So it was a raw first thoughts approach, that was both useful and a hindrance. I balanced this out with a general textual analysis of the series. AnalysisAs I mentioned in my methodology the focus group consisted of people that had not seen Peep Show p reviously. I showed them an episode in which Jeremy is troubled by his girlfriend’s new found wish for abstinence and Mark is still trying to win the heart of Sophie, the woman he works with, by fighting off the competition. The two female characters we are then presented with are Sophie and Nancy. Nancy is an American Christian who wants Jeremy to break sexual taboos after being criticised by Mark for not following her religion; she decides abstinence to be the last sexual taboo.When I asked the focus group who the least likeable character was they all eventually agreed on Nancy, when asked why a participant stated she was â€Å"just annoying† a statement again that was agreed on. In the episode she comes across as a bit stupid. In response to her abstinence Jeremy pretends that he is fine with it, although in Peep Show you can hear the thoughts of Mark and Jeremy. One of the participants noted when how positive the interaction between men and women was, one participa nt said â€Å"not very as they think one thing and tell the women another. It is the deceitful attitude towards women they use in order to gain either affection or sex. In Jeremy’s case he lies about being religious in order to continue to have sex. However Jeremy was not the least likeable character even though he lied to his girlfriend. I asked the question whether they felt the interests and attitudes of female characters reflected real interests and attitudes of real women, the response was undecided. Feminists of the 1970s were concerned about the narrow range of representations of women offered in the media and argued that these were often ‘negative’ stereotypes.So, for instance, much advertising was taken to task for restricting representations of women to only a few roles, primarily the wife and mother, the housewife and the sex object. This approach focused on the power of ideology as a force and a mechanism. (Fisk, 1987) Although Peep Show is a contemp orary text, we have to wonder whether there is that diverse roles with the characters within. Nancy can be seen as the sex object, although throughout the series there are many similar characters that Jeremy has fleeting relationships with.Sophie (Marks love interest) in later episodes becomes the â€Å"nagging wife† as he decides he doesn’t want to marry her and doesn’t want her child. There are very few female characters in Peep Show that seem to break theses boundaries. Gender issues have been of concern within the study of television. These concerns have primarily taken two forms. First, there has been the question of representation, which initially focused on how television stereotyped, under-represented or misrepresented women.As a extremely popular show I felt it was important to analyse how women were represented, especially in comedy as a whole, the lack of strong female characters in comedy is apparent not only on television and in film, but also on th e stage although it in improving. If you look at Space (c4,1999) the representation is balanced, the formatting is the same in that two friends share a flat but one is female and one is male, the minor characters are also more balanced and interestingly the writing was done by both Simon Pegg and Jessica Stevens something I will touch upon later.In later series Mark befriends a colleague called Dobby. Nick naked so because of her likeness to the â€Å"house elf† from Harry Potter. A nickname that does not associate with beauty or power but that of an elf and a male elf. Dobby is the tom boy character, she is not referred to as attractive, is into typically male orientated activities such as computer games , Mark begins to like her because she makes references to things that he would also make reference to. She is like him and he is amazed that a woman knows about or is interested in the same things as him.So it would be interesting to note that while she is a character that M ark relates to and befriends rather than obsesses over, she is considered strange looking. This can be seen throughout films and television, the idea of desexualised women because she gains male characteristics. The representation of women in Peep show can be assessed in two ways, by looking literally at the roles of female characters and by looking at the attitudes and relationships men have with women and vice-versa.Peep Show’s two main characters are male; the female characters are not necessarily permanent, although Sophie is in it from the beginning. The other female characters tend to come in depending on the episode. Female representation in the media and in television in particular, may correspond to inequities behind the scenes. (Glascock,2001 ) If as Glascocks findings show the direct correlation between women behind the scenes and women on screen could it be then that this explains the lack of female representation on screen, or the lack of solid and permanent fema le characters at least.By looking at the cast and crew information as listed on IMDB, all episodes have been written by men, all episodes have been produced by men , however it also states that it was a female that has directed a majority of the episodes. Interesting to note that as stated earlier Spaced ( c4, 1999) was co wrote by a female. The interaction between Mark, Jeremy and the female characters has two sides to it. You have Mark who is ultimately the â€Å"romantic† he obsesses with women down to minute details; he is the shy and awkward geek looking for the one. However you have Jeremy who is a hap hazard womaniser.Yet what makes them so likeable is their foolish nature. While the progression of female characterizations on television has been noted, the pendulum may have swung the other way for male depictions. Frequently criticized have been made-for-television movies featuring males as abusive psychopaths (Kloer, 1996; Stein, 1994; Zurawik, 1996) and situation com edies in which â€Å"guys run the gamut from insufferable to useless† (Glascock,2001) Due to Peep Shows popularity it could be said that the characters are not â€Å"insufferable† however because they never fail to make tremendous mistakes, it could be said that they are â€Å"useless†.This contrast with the useless, clumsy and likeable Mark and Jeremy, and the uptight relatively rigid female characters creates an overall impression of forgettable female characters. In some respects the women in Peep Show act as mother figures and Mark and Jeremy act as the child, the relationships are there for usually relationships that don’t last because they are told off or make a mistake and the women are then completely repelled by them.In order to see what extent the female characters in Peep Show can be deemed stereotypical I first looked at the definition of stereotype : A process involving the expression of an exaggerated belief about a group that serves to qual ify of justify the conduct towards that group of those who hold and express that belief (Long and Wall, 2009) Using this definition I applied it to the female character â€Å"Nancy† in the episode I showed focus group. Starting with Nancy, the beautiful blonde, does she fit the dumb blonde stereotype? I would say yes, in the program she says â€Å"God wanted us to have fun that’s why he invented pills†¦ in a genuinely serious voice. Is this an â€Å"exaggerated belief†? I would propose that very few religious people would actually claim that God condones drug taking. Sitcoms; the genre criticised for its simplistic use of stereotypes, outmoded representations and an apparent failure to engage with social or political development (Mills, 2004) Yet I wouldn’t say the character are stereotypical men. They are very self-aware, self-depreciating, they also make frequent remarks about there in lack of strength, lack of manliness. In the episode shown to t he focus group, Mark says â€Å" ‘Mate’†¦ he universal word for befriending taxi drivers, and bouncers† as he tries to fit in with some security guards. He has a sort of inferiority complex and yet acknowledges at the same time that he is middle class. Perhaps then he fits the stereotype of the middle class man, Jeremy often attacks him for his love of typically â€Å"middle class food† such as olives and humus. Yet they share a flat together and don’t really have much money. Additionally Peep Show has been noted for its naturalistic style, it is set in a point of view narrative, where we are positioned as different characters at different times.Bret Mills further explore Peep Show in his book The Sitcom. In which he suggests: Peep Show is better placed in the realist/naturalist category than as a comedy of distinction, because of its gloomy colours for its downplayed performances suggests a kind of naturalism. If we see Peep Show as a realist text then we are to assume to sort of ideology that must also closely reflect the real world. As Mark says in the episode where he marries Sophie â€Å" this has to be a dream, nothing this bad happens in real life. † He reinforces the realist feel of the comedy. Representations give substance to ideology.Textual analysis reveals ideology in action. The femme fatale is about gender and power. It is about the male fear of being; unmanned; by the sexual power of the woman, a fear of losing control. (Burton,2004) If Peep Show is a realist view, the ideology within it by default must also be deemed a natural point of view. Although they are exaggerations of characters like them, there interaction with the world are deemed quite natural and realistic. As Burton quotes â€Å"that representation gives substance to ideology† how we represent certain groups of society gives force to ideology.Because of Peep Shows critic of society I would say that it did not promote dominant id eology. I would however say it was negotiated; it promoted new and forward thinking ways, yet with regards to women, it does not promote anything other than dominant ideology. It remains true that in critical studies the concepts of difference and of otherness are often used to emphasize the negative: sameness and difference are marked both symbolically through representational systems, and socially through the inclusion or exclusion of certain groups of people Conclusion.To conclude, I feel that Peep Show does not necessarily represent women in a bad way, it rather under represents them. What is shown in a derogatory light is the relationships between men and women, the women are often sexualised. Whilst the research I have done has proved useful it has not necessarily helped me to come to a solid conclusion. Bibliogrpahy Books 1. CALVERT, Ben; Lewis, Justin; French, Liam; Casey, Bernadette; Casey, Neil. (2007). Television Studies: The Key Concepts. Taylor & Francis. 2. BURTON. (20 04). Media And Society: Critical Perspectives.Open University Press. 3. FISKE, J. (1987): Television Culture. London: Routledge 4. MILLS, B. (2009). The sitcom. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press. 5. LONG, P. , & WALL, T. (2009). Media studies: texts, production, and contexts. Harlow [u. a. ], Pearson Longman. . Journals. 6. GLASCOCK,J 2001, ‘Gender Roles on Prime Time TV’, Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, Fall 2001. 7. MILLS, B 2004, ‘Comedy Virite’ Oxford Journal Screen, Vol 45, no 1, Pp 63-78 Websites 8. Wikipedia, List of Peep Show episodes, http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/List_of_Peep_Show_episodes (as of May 22, 2011, 16:05 GMT). 9. International Movie Database, Full Cast and Crew, Peep Show, http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0387764/fullcreditscast (as of May 22, 2011, 16;06 GMT). Television Programs PeepShow, September 2003-, video, Channel Four, United Kingdom Spaced, 1999-2001, Video, Channel Four, United Kingdom Appendices. Focus Group Transcript. Peep Show Episode â€Å"Local Zero† What kind of relationships do you think are explored in Peep Show? Participant A: Friendship. Participant C: Sexual, love.How positive is the interaction between men and women? Participant B:They were all being fake to one another they were thinking one thing and saying something else†¦ made up. Which character including minor characters would you say was the most like able? All: Mark. Lest Likeable? Participant A: The homeless man†¦ he didn’t do anything [laughs] Participant B :No I would say the girl†¦ the American girl.. Participant C: Yeah she doesn’t do anything. Yeah even Sophie doesn’t. Partcipant A: Actually yeah, Nancy. Would you say peep show was a realistic portrayal of men’s attitudes towards women.Partipant B: I think so†¦ Participant A: I would say some not most Participant c: Yeah but guys think that even if you say no that really you would like them its just a matte r of time, What social class would you place Jeremy? Participant C: What are the classes? Participant B: I would say lower class he doesn’t work Participant A:No i would say he is middle. Particpant B :He would be middle but lazy. Participant C: Yeah manybe. What are the main concerns of Mark of Jeremy? Particpant C: Women [laughs] Particpant B: Yeah sex.Participant A: I agree Just sex, women. Do you think the characters Mark and Jeremy have a respectable attitude towards women? Participant C: Yeha maybe Mark, not the other one. Jeremy he just lied. Participant A:Yeah I agree Mark maybe but not Jeremy. Would you say that the female characters attitudes and interests reflect real women’s attitudes and interests? Participant C: It is hard to say, they were extremes. Participants B: Yeah, It is not really clear what they think. Participant A: You don’t hear their thoughts so you don’t get any idea about them.